A3: According to the latest assessment by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), since the Industrial Revolution (1850-1900), the global average temperature has risen by about 1.1°C. The direct impacts mainly include: ① frequent extreme weather events, such as high temperatures, heavy rainfall, droughts, and typhoons; ② glacial melting and sea level rise, threatening coastal areas and low-lying islands; ③ ecosystem imbalance, habitat destruction, reduced biodiversity, and some species facing the risk of extinction; ④ impacts on agricultural production, with rising temperatures causing crop yield reductions and increased pests and diseases.

A4: IPCC is the abbreviation for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, established in 1988, jointly initiated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It is the world's most authoritative scientific assessment body on climate change, providing scientific, objective, and neutral climate change assessment reports for governments and international organizations, offering a scientific basis for global climate governance.

A5: The Paris Agreement is a milestone global climate governance document that was officially adopted in December 2015 at the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21) and came into force on November 4, 2016. It currently covers the vast majority of countries worldwide (including China) and represents the core consensus of all countries in jointly addressing climate change. Its core goal is to limit the rise in global average temperature to within 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to strive to keep it within 1.5°C; at the same time, countries need to strengthen their capacity to adapt to climate change and promote global climate governance in a fair, inclusive, and sustainable direction.

A6: The 'Dual Carbon' goal proposed by China is China's strategic objective for addressing climate change, namely 'carbon peak' and 'carbon neutrality' for short. On September 22, 2020, China, at the 75th United Nations General Assembly, strived to achieve carbon peaking before 2030 and made efforts to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.

A9: To achieve the 1.5°C temperature control target, the core requirement is to reduce global CO₂ emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to 2010, and to achieve net zero emissions by 2050.

A10: The impacts of climate change comprehensively cover both ecosystems and human society: ① Ecological security: glacier melting, loss of biodiversity, frequent geological disasters, threatening landforms and ecosystems; ② Water resources: uneven distribution of precipitation, intensified droughts and floods, affecting drinking water and irrigation; ③ Food security: extreme weather leads to reduced crop yields and increased pest and disease problems; ④ Human health: extreme heat triggers diseases, and air pollution and mosquito-borne diseases expand their impact; ⑤ Economy and society: infrastructure is damaged, agriculture, tourism, and other sectors are affected, impacting development and stability.

A11: Key efforts: ① Reduce fossil fuel consumption, promote the transformation of the energy structure, and develop renewable energy; ② Optimize the industrial structure and promote energy conservation and emission reduction in key areas; ③ Protect and restore natural carbon sinks such as forests and wetlands to enhance carbon sequestration capacity; ④ Promote low-carbon technologies such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS); ⑤ Strengthen international cooperation.

A12: Clean energy, also known as green energy, refers to renewable energy that emits no or low pollutants and is environmentally friendly. It includes solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, and tidal energy. In addition, there is hydrogen energy, biogas, alcohol, methanol, and others. Its core characteristics are cleanliness, low carbon, and environmental protection. It can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and is an important support for addressing climate change and promoting green development.

A13: Biodiversity and climate change affect each other. On one hand, climate change leads to species decline and habitat reduction, threatening rare species; on the other hand, intact ecosystems (such as the forests and wetlands of Sanqing Mountain) can sequester carbon, regulate temperature, mitigate extreme weather, and enhance climate resilience. Protecting biodiversity is protecting the climate, and addressing climate change can also promote the restoration of biodiversity.

A14: Climate resilience is the ability of ecosystems and human societies to withstand the impacts of climate change, adapt, and restore normal functions. The ways to enhance ecosystem climate resilience are: ① Protect and restore ecosystems, maintaining biodiversity and integrity; ② Establish digital monitoring and early warning systems to respond to disaster risks timely; ③ Optimize land use, strictly control ecological red lines, and reduce human interference; ④ Promote ecosystem diversification to improve resistance to disturbances.

A15: World Geoparks play the role of ecological guardians, scientific observation stations, popular science education bases, and green demonstration windows in responding to climate change, with prominent advantages: ① Ecological advantage: They possess complete ecosystems and rich biodiversity, serving as natural carbon sinks that can store carbon and protect the environment; ② Observation advantage: With comprehensive natural elements, they are natural laboratories for climate change observation and research; ③ Popular science advantage: Climate knowledge can be popularized through museums, science trails, etc.; ④ Demonstration advantage: By implementing low-carbon operation models, they provide a demonstration for ecological protection.

A16: 'Low-carbon living' refers to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) in the daily lives of individuals or groups. It is a scientific lifestyle in response to global warming. It is not distant or unattainable, but centers on low energy use, low consumption, and low emissions. It is a more economical, environmentally friendly, and healthier way of living—using one less kilowatt-hour of electricity, wasting one less drop of water, driving one less time, producing a little less waste.

A17: Responding to climate change is the shared responsibility of every citizen. In daily life, you can do the following:
- Low-carbon travel: Prioritize walking, cycling, public transportation (subway, bus), reduce the use of private cars, and promote the use of new energy vehicles;
- Save water and electricity: Turn off lights and taps when not in use, use energy-efficient appliances (such as LED lights, first-class energy-efficient air conditioners) to reduce energy consumption;
- Practice the “Clean Plate Campaign,” reduce food waste, sort garbage properly, and promote resource recycling;
- Green consumption: Reduce the use of disposable plastic products (such as plastic bags and disposable tableware), and choose reusable items;
- Ecological protection: Actively participate in public welfare activities such as tree planting and vegetation restoration;
- Spread knowledge: Educate people around you about climate change, guide family and friends to practice a low-carbon lifestyle, and raise public awareness of climate protection;