Weathering refers to the entire process in which hard rocks and minerals on or near the Earth's surface undergo physical and chemical changes when in contact with the atmosphere, water, and organisms, resulting in the formation of loose accumulations in place.
A fault refers to a fracture structure in the Earth's crust where the rocks break and there is a noticeable relative displacement on both sides.
The ozone layer hole is a phenomenon in which artificial pollutants such as halocarbons enter the stratosphere, and through photochemical reactions and catalytic decomposition, cause a large consumption of stratospheric ozone, resulting in the total ozone column being significantly lower than the normal value.
About 75% of the rocks exposed on the Earth's surface are sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are also products transformed by geological processes, but because they form on or near the surface, they are very different from metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks are the masters of change! Because of intense heat and pressure deep within the earth, these rocks have undergone a total transformation from their original form. Unlike igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks never truly melt. Instead all of the change happens in the solid state. In some cases the pressure comes from the original rocks getting buried. More often than not, the pressure comes from powerful forces caused by movements within the earth crust. Under these conditions, solid rock can actually flow, just like toothpaste. This results in rocks that have been twisted and bent, often with a new set of minerals in place of the old ones.
Joints, rock fissures which is a class of -faults, refers to both the rock to split and crack surface faults no relative displacement. Joints are a kind of fault structures widely developed in the upper rock of the Earth’s crust. According to their origins, they can be divided into two types,primary joints and secondary joints. Primary joints are formed during diagenetic processes.Secondary joints are formed after diagenesis of rock, including non-structural joints (weathered joints) and structural joints.
